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9:56

IBM System/360

IBM

The IBM System/360 established architectural compatibility as a design principle — not a marketing claim. It delivered real portability across a wide performance range using microcode and custom transistor packaging. Its limitations — no ICs, partial model incompatibility, rare max-memory deployments — are as instructive as its successes.

9:22

Floppy disk

IBM · 1964

The floppy disk is a hardware innovation that enabled portable, standardised, low-capacity digital data exchange in IBM mainframe environments. It succeeded where earlier media failed — not by being faster or denser, but by being specifiable, licensable, and physically durable enough for daily use in controlled settings.