ZX Spectrum
Clive Sinclair · 1982
The ZX Spectrum is an 8-bit home computer developed by Sinclair Research and launched in Britain on 23 April 1982. It prioritised low cost, simplicity, and compactness—using minimal components and transmitting video to televisions while loading software from audio cassettes. Its name highlighted its colour display, a key upgrade over the monochrome ZX81. Rick Dickinson designed its iconic case, rainbow motif, and rubber keyboard. Development began in September 1981, reusing parts from earlier models to accelerate production and reduce cost. The hardware centred on the Zilog Z80 microprocessor running at 3.5 MHz.