Arm Holdings is a British semiconductor design company headquartered in Cambridge, England. Its primary business is designing CPU cores implementing the ARM architecture family of instruction sets. It also designs other chips, provides software development tools (DS-5, RealView, Keil), and offers systems, platforms, SoC infrastructure and software. As a holding company, it holds shares of other companies. Since 2016, it has been majority owned by Japanese conglomerate SoftBank Group. 'ARM' originated as an acronym for Acorn RISC Machine and later Advanced RISC Machines. ARM CPUs first appeared in the Acorn Archimedes. Processors based on Arm-licensed designs or instruction set architecture implementations are used in all classes of computing devices. Arm has two GPU lines — Mali and Immortalis — the latter featuring hardware-based ray-tracing.
ARM began as Acorn RISC Machine—and its first CPU shipped in a desktop, not a phone.
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Licensing, not manufacturing
Arm sells designs and tools—not silicon—so every chip is built, tuned, and owned by someone else.
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GPU lines: Mali and Immortalis
Immortalis isn’t just Mali with extra features—it’s Arm’s first GPU line with hardware-accelerated ray-tracing.
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Ownership and structure
Arm is a holding company majority owned by SoftBank since 2016—not an independent public entity.
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Worth your time?
Yes. Study the whole thing.
4.5/ 5
What works
Cross-class device compatibility
Low-power RISC design scalability
GPU differentiation via Immortalis ray-tracing
What does not
Arm does not manufacture chips.
Arm does not guarantee end-product performance.
Arm does not control foundry processes or packaging.
Arm does not own its licensees’ intellectual property.
Study it if
Chip architects
Embedded systems developers
SoC integrators
Skip it if
End-device consumers
PC OEMs without silicon capability
Foundry operators
Who should study it, and who should skipHide who it is for
The written brief1 min read
What it is and the problem it solves
Arm is a British semiconductor design company headquartered in Cambridge. It solves the problem of costly, inflexible CPU development by licensing energy-efficient RISC-based processor designs instead of selling finished chips.
How it works
Arm designs CPU cores and GPU lines (Mali, Immortalis) but does not manufacture chips. It licenses its instruction set architectures and chip designs to other companies, who then build and sell the physical processors.
What works
The licensing model works across all classes of computing devices. Its ARM architecture family powers everything from the Acorn Archimedes desktop to modern smartphones and the world’s fastest supercomputer.
What does not
Arm does not fabricate silicon. It does not control final chip performance, power efficiency, or yield—those depend entirely on licensees’ engineering and foundry partners.
What it changes
It decouples instruction set architecture from physical implementation. This enables customisation at scale: hundreds of companies can build differentiated chips using the same ISA, accelerating adoption across smartphones, servers, and supercomputers.
Is it worth your time
Yes—if you work on system-on-chip design, embedded software, or low-power computing infrastructure. Arm’s licensing model shifts cost and risk from design to implementation, but demands deep integration expertise.
