China Mobile
Scale is its strategy—and its ceiling.
China
A civilisation that keeps outlasting the people who declare it finished.
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Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation
SMIC isn’t catching up—it’s building a parallel track for chips that don’t need the bleeding edge.
Lenovo
Lenovo didn’t outsource its way to scale—it built its own factory floor to cut OEM dependence, and it worked.
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Silicon Graphics
Silicon Graphics · 1981
Silicon Graphics built the first practical hardware-accelerated 3D graphics systems. Its Geometry Engine — designed at Stanford under ARPA — delivered ~6 million geometry operations per second. It pioneered scalable cc-NUMA architectures in the mid-1990s. But its reliance on proprietary MIPS and failed transitions to Itanium and Xeon eroded its position as PC graphics commoditised. It filed for bankruptcy in 2009.