DNS is the distributed name-resolution system invented by Paul Mockapetris in 1983. It replaced the ARPAnet’s central hosts file. It uses a hierarchical zone model and originally ran over UDP. Later concerns about reliability, security, and privacy drove TCP use and protocol extensions. RFCs 882, 883, 973, 1034, and 1035 define its evolution. Mockapetris implemented the first version, 'Jeeves', for TOPS-20 the same year.
The Dreamcast was Sega’s final home video game console. It launched in Japan on November 27, 1998, and globally in late 1999. It used off-the-shelf components, shared hardware with the NAOMI arcade board, avoided DVD licensing with GD-ROM, and shipped with a built-in dial-up modem — the first console to do so. It achieved strong initial sales: 150,000 units sold out in Japan on day one; over 225,132 sold in North America in 24 hours; more than 500,000 in two weeks; and 31% of US video game revenue by Christmas 1999. But momentum collapsed in 2000. Competition from PlayStation 2 and Xbox, weak third-party support, and financial strain forced Sega to discontinue the console on March 31, 2001 — ending its hardware business. Total sales: 9.13 million units. Games released: over 600.
FTP is a foundational but fatally flawed protocol. It delivered interoperable file transfer in 1971, but its reliance on unencrypted channels and rigid two-connection architecture made it unsustainable. It changed how machines shared data — then became the textbook example of inherited insecurity.
