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Unmanned surface vehicle
Autonomy at sea is real—but it’s fragmented, unstandardised, and still tethered to human oversight.
Ninety per cent of world trade, almost entirely unwatched.
IEEE 802.3 standardises wired Ethernet’s physical and MAC layers using CSMA/CD. It succeeded by enabling interoperability—not speed or novelty. Its mechanism became obsolete before the standard did. It remains essential infrastructure, not evolutionary architecture.